The Buddhist Scriptures Box: The Preservation of Identity, Values, and the Management of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage by the Community in Lanna

Abstract

This is qualitative research using documentary research and field surveys. It aims to study the structure, pattern, craftsmanship techniques, and patterns of the Buddhist scriptures box in Lanna. The study was conducted across 61 temples, including 21 in Chiang Mai, 21 in Lampang, and 19 in Lamphun, resulting in the examination of 103 Buddhist scripture boxes (26 in Chiang Mai, 46 in Lamphun, and 31 in Lampang). Keys informant in-depth interviews, focus groups, and activities related to Buddhist art, a total of 30 persons, including 22 abbots or monks, 4 community leaders/village scholars, 4 academics of Buddhism, art, and culture, and 2 Lanna craftsmanship. The research employed three primary instruments: 1) Buddhist scripture box surveys, 2) Interview forms, and 3) Focus group approaches. The findings were presented through an academic seminar and a descriptive lecture following data collection, analysis, and synthesis into categories.

The results revealed that Buddhist scripture boxes consist of three parts: the base, body, and lid, with designs categorized into box designs and chest designs. Craftsmanship techniques encompassed six methods: 1) gilding technique, 2) lacquer and vermilion technique, 3) woodcarving technique, 4) glass decoration technique, 5) lacquer moldings technique, and 6) painting technique. In terms of patterns, Dhamma scripture boxes in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces displayed similar floral motifs, such as the royal lotus and gardenia flower patterns, often complemented by stalks, branches, leaves, and animal designs. Angel patterns were popularly employed to adorn the center body, door panel, and side lid. In contrast, Dhamma scripture boxes in Lampang Province exhibited unique patterns, including Lanna flower pot patterns, flora patterns, and angel patterns, making them distinguishable from other regions.